It's explained in Stulz, but the equity shareholders start with PV = $23.18. Then their undesirable choice is to invest $5 in order to grow their value only by $4.8 to $28.571. So existing shareholder would lose $0.24. They've lost (spend $5 to grow ~ $4.8) about $0.24; so "existing" shareholder are diluted from before $23.81 - 0.24 dilution = after $23.571.
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