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Hi David/Nicole, I see chapter 15 in GARP's book - Correlations and Copulas has been merged with Volatility now in the study planner. It seems Copulas is now removed, I have 2019 GARP study material so just wanted to confirm if Copulas has now been removed this year. Thanks

Hi Nicole, I am unable to find the study notes for Fixed Income securities chapters(Price,Discount rates,arbitrage and others). Are they in the process of getting updated?

Yes Thanks David.

Hi Shakti, What does BP stands for? Also what i understood for homosked is that the error terms show constant variance. Are we saying there is a correlation between these error terms and the regressor under our consideration? And this being an assumption of least squares.

Hi David/Nicole, Is Bonferroni test important from the FRM exam point of view? Can't i skip it as i am really not getting the nag of it?

Thanks David. I feel my concepts are not very clear here which is why i am unable to connect the dots. According to my understanding errors are nothing but the difference between actual (Y) and predicted (Y^) independent variable. Homosked - is when errors have a constant variance so are we...

weighted least squares (WLS) estimator: If the errors are heteroskedastic, then OLS is no longer BLUE. If the heteroskedasticity is known (i.e., if the conditional variance of given is known up to a constant factor of proportionality) then an alternate estimator exists with a smaller variance...